As artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots become increasingly popular among users seeking companionship online, child advocacy groups are stepping up legal efforts to regulate these human-like AI systems. Concerns are growing that children and teenagers may develop unhealthy emotional attachments to chatbots, potentially leading to harmful psychological effects.

The Rise of AI Companions and the Risks Involved

AI-driven chatbot applications such as Replika and Character.AI belong to a rapidly expanding market of AI companions, where users can customize virtual partners that simulate close relationships and provide interactive, engaging conversations.

While developers claim these AI companions help reduce loneliness and provide a safe space for social interaction, advocacy groups argue that they pose serious risks, including encouraging self-harm or dangerous behavior in vulnerable individuals.

Legal Battles Against AI Chatbot Developers

Several legal cases have been filed against chatbot developers, with advocacy groups pushing for stricter regulations.

Matthew Bergman, founder of SMVLC, argues that these chatbots are defective products that exploit young users.

"The cost of these dangerous apps isn't borne by the companies; it's borne by the families who have to bury their children,"

Bergman stated.​

While Character.AI has not commented directly on the lawsuits, the company claims to have implemented safety measures, including behavior monitoring systems and parental control features.

Meanwhile, the Young People's Alliance has filed a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) complaint against Replika, arguing that it deceives vulnerable users by fostering emotional dependency.

Are AI Chatbots Addictive for Children?

Although research on AI chatbots and mental health is still limited, experts believe the risks are real.

"Children may forget they are interacting with technology, which makes them more susceptible to forming deep emotional connections,"

said Amina Fazlullah, head of tech policy advocacy at Common Sense Media.

Government Push for AI Chatbot Regulation

As concerns grow, lawmakers are considering regulations to limit the influence of AI chatbots on minors.

Meanwhile, Fairplay, a youth advocacy group, is calling for expanding AI regulations under KOSA to cover AI chatbots, arguing that chatbots can be just as addictive as social media.

Challenges in Regulating AI Chatbots

Despite growing bipartisan support for AI regulation, some lawmakers and tech leaders warn that excessive regulations could stifle innovation.

Free speech concerns also pose a challenge to new regulations. Character.AI has argued that chatbot-generated speech is protected under the First Amendment, making it difficult to impose legal restrictions.

"Everything faces roadblocks because of America's strong free speech protections,"

said Ava Smithing, advocacy director at Young People's Alliance.​

What's Next?

As AI companions continue to evolve, the debate over their risks and benefits will likely intensify. While these chatbots can provide support and reduce loneliness, they also raise ethical concerns, particularly when it comes to child safety, emotional dependency, and harmful influence.

The challenge for lawmakers, developers, and parents is to find a balance between innovation and safety, ensuring that AI chatbots remain a tool for connection rather than a risk to vulnerable users.